According to @BitMEXResearch, it was recognized in 2017 that Bitcoin’s SegWit witness discount could be used to store up to 4MB of non-monetary data per block, reflecting the 4 million weight unit design in BIP-141 (source: @BitMEXResearch; source: BIP-141). This means non-payment data directly competes for blockspace with monetary transactions and can increase fee pressure when demand for witness space rises, affecting the fee market dynamics traders face (source: BIP-141; source: Bitcoin.org Developer Guide). For traders, higher utilization of witness space can lift BTC on-chain transaction fees and extend confirmation times during congestion, impacting the timing and cost of exchange deposits and withdrawals during volatile sessions (source: Bitcoin.org Developer Guide). Miners can see a larger share of revenue from transaction fees when blockspace is scarce, a condition traders should track because elevated fees often coincide with congested mempools and higher settlement costs (source: Bitcoin.org Developer Guide).