According to @alice_und_bob, a Stage 2 L2 is fully controlled by code with no centralized points of failure, source: @alice_und_bob on X and L2BEAT Stages documentation. L2BEAT defines Stage 2 networks as having live trustless state validation via fraud or validity proofs, permissionless exits and censorship resistance, and no privileged upgrade keys that can seize or halt user funds, source: L2BEAT Stages framework. For trading risk assessment on ETH L2s, L2BEAT’s dashboard classifies each network’s stage so Stage 2 denotes lower trust assumptions versus Stage 0 or Stage 1, enabling objective comparison across rollups, source: L2BEAT dashboard and Stages documentation.

According to Trader Tardigrade (@TATrader_Alan), GOAT Network (@GOATRollup) has announced the creation of the first Bitcoin-native ZK Rollup. This deployable and sustainable Layer 2 (L2) solution aims to expand Bitcoin’s (BTC) utility by enabling Bitcoin-native smart contracts through zkMIPS, a high-speed zero-knowledge virtual machine (zkVM) optimized for BTC. This development is significant for traders, as it could boost BTC’s scalability and DeFi potential, potentially driving increased network activity and trading volume. Source: @TATrader_Alan on Twitter, June 11, 2025.

According to @1HowardWu, the adoption and discussion of zero-knowledge proofs (ZK) in the cryptocurrency sector have accelerated significantly, as highlighted during Consensus 2025. This technology, previously niche five years ago, is now at the forefront of blockchain innovation, driving new privacy and scalability solutions. For traders, the growing momentum around ZK protocols is fueling investment opportunities in ZK rollup projects and related tokens. The increased attention suggests further liquidity inflows and price action in ZK-focused assets, as confirmed by industry participation at Consensus 2025 (source: @1HowardWu, May 21, 2025).

According to Vitalik Buterin (@VitalikButerin), Scroll has become the first full-EVM zero-knowledge (ZK) stage 1 rollup. This development is significant for traders as it enhances Ethereum scalability while preserving full EVM compatibility, allowing for seamless deployment of existing smart contracts (Source: Twitter, April 30, 2025). Market participants should monitor Scroll’s adoption rate and network activity, as increased usage could influence token valuations and fuel broader ZK rollup momentum in the crypto sector.