According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, fighting mining centralization is structurally difficult due to energy centralization and economies of scale, but active efforts continue to counter it. According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, current work includes open-source ASICs, enabling miners to create their own block templates via DATUM and Stratum v2, and protocol optimizations intended to level the playing field for smaller miners. According to @Excellion on X on Oct 5, 2025, spam cannot be eliminated 100% but can be mitigated, and mitigation steps are the practical objective.

According to @BitMEXResearch, Bitcoin transaction fees function as the network’s spam filter and have worked effectively for almost 17 years, underscoring the fee market’s role in curbing low-value floods of transactions. Source: BitMEX Research on X, Sep 30, 2025. This statement aligns with Bitcoin’s design where miners prioritize higher-fee transactions, making spam economically costly and preserving block space for market-rate demand. Source: Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System; Bitcoin Core documentation on transaction selection and mempool policy. For traders moving BTC on-chain, timely settlement typically requires paying the prevailing sat/vB market rate, especially during mempool congestion windows when low-fee transactions face delays or eviction. Source: Bitcoin Core fee estimation and mempool policy documentation. Elevated on-chain fees directly increase miners’ fee revenue share per block, reinforcing prioritization by fee and shaping block space pricing dynamics that traders must account for when planning transfers or arbitrage flows. Source: Satoshi Nakamoto, 2008; Bitcoin Core mining and fee policy documentation.