Micro-Token RPOs: India's SEBI Launches Fractional Reliance Offerings to Retail Investors
Khushi V Rangdhol Oct 26, 2025 23:58
India's SEBI now allows retail investors to buy fractional shares of Reliance Industries through tokenized offerings, democratizing access to high-value equities.
India’s market regulator, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), has broken new ground in 2025 by allowing retail investors to buy fractional shares of blue-chip giants through tokenized offerings—starting with the country’s most valuable company, Reliance Industries. This marks a major step in democratizing access to high-value equity and aligns with India’s digital and financial inclusion agenda. While most developments are confirmed in regulatory filings and pilot programs, the wider rollout and long-term impact remain closely watched and will rely on sustained regulatory clarity and technological adoption.
Confirmed Move: Fractional IPOs via Tokenization
SEBI formally approved pilot projects for micro-investment in large-cap IPOs through blockchain-based tokens in mid-2025. The most high-profile deployment: tokenized Rs.10 fractional shares for Reliance Industries, enabling investors to purchase “slices” of the mega-cap company for a fraction of a single share’s usual price. The first allocation was executed on a closed digital platform operated under SEBI’s regulatory sandbox with depository integration, giving millions of Indians access to the capital markets like never before.
How It Works
Fractional shares are created by splitting one regular share into digital tokens (for example, 100 tokens per share). Each token can be traded independently, held in the investor’s Demat account, and—upon aggregating a full share—converted back into regular equity. The pilot leverages smart contract-based clearing and settlement, allowing real-time (T+0) execution and removing the reliance on costly intermediaries or legacy settlement cycles.
SEBI’s Broader Regulatory Push
To support these innovations, SEBI revised the minimum equity float requirements for mega-IPOs: large companies now need to float only 2.5% of total shares at listing (down from 5%), and are allowed 10 years to reach the mandated 25% public holding. This change directly benefits big listings like Reliance Jio, making tokenized micro-IPOs feasible without flooding the market or depressing prices.
Technology and Platforms
Pilot programs are anchored in SEBI’s innovation sandbox: startups like Xaults (IIM-Ahmedabad incubated) are delivering solutions for tokenized fractional stock trading. Trades and ownership records are stored on distributed ledgers at the depository level, providing transparency and regulatory audit trails. The technology model is also being tested for other premium stocks and sectors, including real estate and private equity.
Inclusion, Liquidity, and Risks
Industry leaders and regulators predict that mass adoption of tokenized micro-IPOs could unlock the capital markets for India’s millions of young, digital-native retail investors. The model dramatically lowers entry barriers for high-priced stocks, brings new liquidity to the market, and reduces the need for penny stock speculation among retail participants. However, these pilots come with regulatory risks—chiefly the need for clear securities law frameworks, robust KYC/AML controls, and safeguards against pump-and-dump manipulation in fragmented token marketplaces.
What’s Next?
If SEBI’s regulatory sandbox pilots succeed, a wider rollout of tokenized micro-IPOs could begin in late 2025 or 2026, including for spin-offs like the Reliance Jio IPO and other large-caps. Analysts expect further legal refinement, direct retail marketing, and integration of tokenized IPO allocation methods by mainstream brokerage apps. These developments could eventually extend to real estate and fixed income, propelling India’s capital markets into the digital age.
Conclusion
SEBI’s approval of fractional Reliance share tokenization is a transformational leap toward democratizing India’s capital markets. With careful stewardship, technical maturity, and tight regulatory alignment, tokenized micro-IPOs may soon grant every Indian—even those with Rs.10—to participate alongside the country’s wealthiest investors.
Sources: plindia.com, bloomberg.com, upstox.com, tejimandi.com, taxtmi.com, moneycontrol.com, housivity.com, indiatoday.in, linkedin.com, scanx.trade, juscorpus.com
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