According to the source, the EU’s crypto oversight tightens before 2026 through binding rules already in law, led by MiCA and the Travel Rule. MiCA applies to asset‑referenced tokens and e‑money tokens from 30 June 2024 and to crypto‑asset service providers from 30 December 2024, with Member States allowed to grant transitional regimes for existing providers until as late as 1 July 2026; after the transition, non‑authorized CASPs cannot operate, reshaping BTC and ETH trading pairs, custody and listings (source: Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, Official Journal of the European Union; source: ESMA MiCA implementation communications 2023–2024). The EU Transfer of Funds Regulation extends the travel rule to crypto from 30 December 2024, requiring VASPs to transmit payer and payee information with transfers, directly affecting exchange deposits, withdrawals and compliance operations (source: Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, Official Journal of the European Union). On pensions, the Pan‑European Personal Pension Product framework has been live since 2022, expanding cross‑border retirement saving options that support deeper EU capital markets ahead of 2026 (source: Regulation (EU) 2019/1238 on PEPP, Official Journal of the European Union).