According to @BitMEXResearch, Bitcoin transactions paying below 1 satoshi per vbyte do not price out legitimate payments because higher-fee transactions are prioritized for inclusion. Source: @BitMEXResearch. Bitcoin Core policy prioritizes transactions by feerate and enforces a typical minimum relay fee around 1 sat/vB, so sub-1 sat/vB traffic is generally not relayed or is deprioritized, limiting its impact on confirmation times and fee pressure for standard payments. Source: Bitcoin Core policy documentation. For traders, this indicates alleged low-fee spam should not materially elevate BTC on-chain fees or disrupt exchange deposits and withdrawals that use market-rate fees, reducing fee-driven latency risks in arbitrage and settlement workflows. Source: @BitMEXResearch and Bitcoin Core policy documentation.